Javanese Tribe

The Javanese are the largest tribe in Indonesia, both in number and wider distribution. They are often referred to himself as Wong Tiang Jowo or Jawi.

The Javanese have been distributed in every major island in Indonesia since the 18th century. In addition to spreading the archipelago, Java tribe at that time also been brought to Suriname (South America), to South Africa, and to Haiti in the Pacific Ocean (Pacific) by the Dutch.

According to the original population, the tribe occupied Java, Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta. But outside the region, most of the province of West Java are also many ethnic Javanese, like Cirebon, Indramayu, Jakarta, and Banten.

In the region of Sumatra, Java, most of the tribes in the area of Lampung. The rest spread throughout the major islands in Indonesia.

Central Javanese Culture Concentration

Under the influence of socio-cultural communities, regions that became the concentration of Javanese culture is an area of Banyumas, Kedu, Madiun, Malang, Kediri, Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Yogyakarta and Surakarta regarded as a center of Javanese culture that figured in the culture palace (palace). Communities around the north and east coast better known as the Java Coast.

Social System of Ethnic Communities Java

Java Community sections of the community who know the system real difference. Namely, among others:

* Bendoro or Bendoro Raden, the class of royal lineage of kings.
* Priyayi, namely the intellectuals came from aristocratic class as well.
* Wong little, ie the lowest social classes, such as farmers' groups.

In fact now, these differences diminished as civilization's growing community.

Javanese society kinship system adheres to the principle of bilateral. Relatives of the father or mother called with the same title. For example, Aunt to mention younger sister of the father or the mother.

For newly married couples, they will not be questioned at home where they will stay while do not have their own home. Can the wife's parents' house or the husband's parents.

Javanese famous for its stereotypical meek, polite, and refined. But the Java community does not like to be frank, is not open. They prefer to hide their feelings towards a thing. This is because the Javanese people give priority to harmony and tepa selira (tolerance).

But not everyone likes to hide his feelings Javanese. Communities in coastal areas are more open than nonpesisir. Some areas in East Java also has a more expressive nature, frankly, and egalitarian.

Pecel

Pecel is a favorite food for most people. Pecel are foods rich in fiber and high nutrition, especially sprouts, where the sprouts are very beneficial for women to nourish the womb.

Pecel, one culinary specialty of Central Java and Yogyakarta. Collection of vegetables that have been boiled, usually consisting of bean sprouts, kale, spinach, long beans and other spices washed down by typical pecel made from peanuts. Hmmm .... yummmiiii In the city of Yogyakarta is a legendary place that sells this unique culinary, located around the campus of the University of Gadjah Mada. His name: SGPC Bu Wiryo 1959, the SGPC itself is an abbreviation of the word Sego Pecel (Rice Pecel). The dough ingredients that fit pecel become a mainstay of places to eat this one, it presents the peanut flavor sweet and spicy flavors that are perfectly integrated so as to make opium for many people, including me:) Almost never my trip to Yogyakarta passed without stopping to this place . Create a flat, we can choose a variety of fried foods, ranging from tempeh, tofu, crackers gendar, aci crackers, fried egg, bakwan and so forth. Hell my favorite fried egg, the most fitting collided with herbs pecel

Sambal Recipe Pecel:

* 250 grams of peanuts roasted / fried, roughly chopped
* 6 fruit chili sauce
* 2 red chilies
* 1 teaspoon chopped kencur
* 3 cloves garlic
* 3 lime leaves
* 1 teaspoon tamarind
* 1 / 4 teaspoon shrimp paste
* 300 ml boiled water
* Salt and sugar according to taste

Recipe Ingredients Pecel:

* 150 grams of young spinach
* 150 grams of green beans, cut @ 2 inches
* 150 grams of young spinach
* 200 grams of bean sprouts or other types of vegetable
* Salt according to taste
* Peanut brittle peanut

Bekantan

One characteristic common wildlife species of monkeys that we know is that the pug-nosed monkeys, but it turns out there are also types that have long noses monkey, proboscis monkey name implies, is a species endemic to the island of Kalimantan (Indonesia, Brunei, and Malaysia).

Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), in English called the Long-nosed Monkey or proboscis Monkey, in Borneo Apes known as the Netherlands, Pika, Bahara Span, Raseng and Kahau. is a kind of ape that has the characteristic long nose and big, like other primates, almost all parts of his body covered by hair (feathers), head, neck, back and shoulders yellowish brown to reddish brown, sometimes brown old. Chest, belly and tail are white-gray and yellowish white.

Differences between male and female

Males: Hair color rear cheeks were rosy, more pointed nose shape
Females: Hair rear cheeks yellowish, smaller nose shape

Gestational age 166 days or 5-6 months and just gave birth to 1 (one) for the royal family. After 4-5 years old are considered adults. Proboscis monkey live in groups / sub groups. Each group was led by a male proboscis monkey is big and strong. Usually in a group numbering about 10 to 20 fish.

Proboscis Monkey is active by day and generally start the morning to look for food in the form of leaves from trees rambai / pedada (Sonneratia alba), ketiau (Genus motleyana), banyan (Ficus sp), lenggadai (Braguiera parviflora), piai (Acrostiolum aureum) , and other-judgments.

By day Proboscis Monkey enjoys a slightly dark / shade to rest. By late afternoon, return to the riverside to eat and a bed. Proboscis Monkey swim across the river and dive under the water surface.

Java Rhinos

Rhinos are odd-hoofed animals (perrisodactyla), in 1758 Linnaeus gave the clan name (genus) to the Javan rhino Rhinoceros sondaicus.

Rhinoceros: derived from the Greek rhino, meaning "nose" and ceros, meaning "horn", referring sondaicus Sunda Islands in Indonesia. (Latin-ICUs indicate locations); "Sundanese" means "Java".

RHINO BEHAVIOR

Rhinoceros including nocturnal animals means all activities conducted in the afternoon, evening, and morning. During the day they generally beriistirahat. The former are often found sleeping near a puddle or under a tree or clump of bamboo, are often found in open forest on top of a hill Rhino lay sleeping and resting with one or both legs stretched forward, as opposed to Diceros that before lying down they make hay around him with his paw. When resting rhino put some sides on the ground. Rhino not the type of sleeper that really. Rhinos are often found resting on solid ground in addition to wallow. Resting place is marked with rhino skin marks or traces on the ground, but sometimes not a trace when the land is hard enough. Rhino does not always lie down to rest, but stood, looking sleepy (sleep chicken) with his head slumped down.

Male rhino seems more fun to wander from the rhino female. Regularly Rhino always follow the same trajectories, especially near the wallow and a place to salt licks (salting), always follow certain pathways that are often used by previous generations of rhinos. Walk softly and stands ready, with a body smeared with soil, and it lasted for 24 hours. When you find other paths in the forest and who have loved, rhinos will continue traveling in the area for days

Rhino can be run by stepping, running or jumping, the two last way is only seen in animals that run away. Ability rhino through the steep lands is very admirable. When disturbed, rhinos can make the jump, with front legs raised and bent over shrubs.

JAVA RHINO FOODS

No fewer than 190 plant species are a source of feed for the rhino. Of these, 4 species is the main food source, namely forest kedondong (Spondias pinnata), Tepus (Ammomum sp), selungkar (Leea sambucina) and seal (Dillenia excelsa). Food plant species are found in shrub areas in the eastern part of Ujung Kulon like Nyiur, Nyawaan, Citelang, Cikarang, Pamegaran, Cigenter and Cihandeuleum. Plants feed on dalah Ujung Kulon National Park area has been identified as many as 453 species of plants, including 362 species of trees (80%) and 148 species from 62 families with 120 genera a rhino feed. Feed Javan rhino in Ujung Kulon National Park. Plant parts are eaten according to the findings in the field is shoots, leaves, umbut, stems, bark and fruit with 87% preference level Sapling level.

Elephants

Elephants are the animal species of the genus Loxodonta, 1 of 2 genera are still living in Elephantidae. Although commonly believed that the genus was named by Georges Cuvier in 1825, Cuvier spelled it Loxodonte. An unknown writer that became Loxodonta romanticize spelling and recognized by the ICZN.

Elephant doing a lot of movement in broad ranges, so using more than one type of habitat.
a. Swamp forest;
This forest type can be a prairie marsh, swamp forest, primary, or secondary swamp forest dominated by Gluta renghas, Campenosperma auriculata, C. Macrophylla, Alstonia spp, and Eugenia spp.
b. Peat swamp forests;
The types of vegetation in this forest type include: Gonystilus bancanus, Dyera costulata, Licuala spinosa, Shorea spp., Alstonia spp., And Eugenia spp.
c. Lowland forest;
That is the type of forest at an altitude of 0-750 m above sea level. The types of vegetation is the dominant species of the family Dipterocarpaceae.
d. Low mountain rain forest;
That is the type of forest at an altitude of 750-1500 m above sea level. The types of dominant vegetation is Altingia excelsa, Dipterocarpus spp., Shorea spp., Quercus spp., And Castanopsis spp.

Terms Life in Nature

1. Shade
Gajah Sumatra including warm-blooded animals so that if weather conditions are hot they will move to find shade (thermal cover) to stabilize its body temperature to conform to its environment. Places that are often used as shade and rest during the day is a dense forest vegetation
2. Food
Gajah Sumatra including herbivorous animals and thus require adequate availability of forage foods in their habitat. Elephants also require a vegetated habitat trees for food supplements to meet the needs of the mineral calcium to strengthen bones, teeth, and ivory. Because digestion is less than perfect, he takes food very much, that is 200-300 kg of biomass per day for each adult elephants or 5-10% of their body weight.
3. Water
Elephant including animals that rely heavily on water, so in the afternoon usually find the source of water for drinking, bathing and wallowing. Sumatran elephants need water to drink as much as 20-50 liters / day. When water resources drought, elephants can do digging water 50-100 cm deep in the basics of a dry river by using the front legs and trunk.
4. Mineral salt
Elephants also need mineral salts, such as: calcium, magnesium, and potassium. These salts are obtained by eating soil containing lumps of salt, ground menggemburkan hard rock with the front legs and tusks, and ate during rainy days or after rain.
5. Room or home ranges (home range)
Elephants are the largest land mammal that lived at this time, thus requiring a very large home ranges. Size of Asian elephants roaming the area varied between 32.4 to 166.9 km2. Units ranges elephant group in the primary forests have size two times larger than home ranges in secondary forests.
6. Security and comfort
Elephants also need a safe and comfortable atmosphere for mating behavior (breeding) was not disturbed and the process of reproduction may work well. Elephant including animals that are very sensitive to sounds. Therefore, the logging done by the company HPHA estimated to have been disturbing the security and comfort of elephants due to business activities with a high intensity and the use of heavy equipment in it.

Tangkuban Perahu Mountain

Mount Tangkuban Perahu, or also commonly referred Tangkuban Parahu is one of the largest mountain plateau Parahyangan. Nature Park Mount Tangkuban Perahu in the northern city of Lembang, north of the city of Bandung. Cool weather, the spread of tea gardens, valleys and tall pine trees to accompany your journey toward the gate area Tangkuban Perahu. To enter the area Tangkuban Perahu, you have to pay the ticket Rp 13,000, - per person plus a ticket to the vehicle.

There are two road craters that exist on this mountain. The first street or road longer by road conditions more difficult to pass and will normally be closed after the rain or when deemed dangerous to pass. The guard booth will give clues to past the new road which lies further to the top if the road was closed. Before the ticket payment in the first street, there are cottages for rent for a place to stay.

Passing through the new road, paved roads facilitate travel of your vehicle. On the street side there is winding trumpet flowers and other trees that will soothe your trip. Tangkuban Perahu mountain in the region there are three craters of interest to visit. Domas Crater is a crater, Crater Queen and Upas Crater. The largest crater between the three and most visited are Queen Crater. With a few hours walk away, you can even round the Queen is so wide crater while enjoying the beautiful panorama of Mount Tangkuban Perahu.

The core story of the legend of Tangkuban Perahu is a young man named Sangkuriang want to marry a woman named Dayang Sumbi beautiful. They fell in love. However, after finding the scar on his head Sangkuriang, Dayang Sumbi Sangkuriang is that they found out his son. Sangkuriang go first because he felt annoyed with her anger. Dayang Sumbi angry because Sangkuriang killing their pet dog when it fails to hunt deer for his mother.

Knowing Sangkuriang is his son, Dayang Sumbi Sangkuriang not want to marry. So, to reject the application Sangkuriang, Dayang Sumbi asked for a boat besarta lake within 1 night. Sangkuriang who ask for help from the magic genie to fulfill the desire Dayang Sumbi.

Viewing Sangkuriang almost completed its work, Dayang Sumbi intend blew it. Thanks to his prayer, the chickens crowing. Jin-jin who helped Sangkuriang running scared because he thought it was morning. As a result of work to make the boat and the lake is not completed. Sangkuriang who was furious because it failed to complete his work kicked homemade boat. The boat is then fell face down and there was Mount Tangkuban Perahu. When viewed from the city of Bandung, the mountain resembles an inverted boat.

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur was built around 800 AD or the 9th century. Borobudur was built by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism during the reign of Dynasty dynasty. This temple was built in the heyday dynasty dynasty. The founder of the Borobudur Temple, King Samaratungga originating from or dynasty dynasty dynasty. The possibility of this temple was built around the year 824 AD and was completed around the year 900 AD during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of Samaratungga. While the architects who contributed to build this temple according to stories passed down through generations named Gunadharma.

Borobudur own words based on the first written evidence that was written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who gave the name of this temple of Borobudur. Only one of the oldest document showing the existence of this temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by the MPU Prapanca in the year 1365. In the book was written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist meditation.

The meaning of Borobudur "abbey in the hills", which comes from the word "coal" (temple or monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high ground) in Sanskrit. Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, then this place since long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.

After Indonesian independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really started to be done on August 10, 1973. Process new refurbishment completed in 1984. Since 1991, Borobudur designated as World Heritage or World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, about 40 km from Yogyakarta. Borobudur has 10 levels consisting of 6 levels of a square, circular level 3 circular and a main stupa as a peak. At every level there are several stupas. Altogether there are 72 stupas in addition to the main stupa. In every stupa there are statues of Buddha. Ten levels of Buddhist philosophy which describes the ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha in nirvana. This perfection symbolized by the main stupa at the top level. Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure depicting Buddhist cosmology and human thinking.